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Demosthenes
384-322 BC
Demosthenes (384–322 BC, Greek: Δημοσθένης, Dēmosthénēs) was a prominent
Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens.
Chronological Table
384 Birth of
Aristotle.
383 Birth of Philip II. king of Macedon
382 Probable birth year of Demosthenes.
Seizure of the Cadmeia at Thebes by the Lacedaemonians, in the first
campaign of their war
against Olynthus.
381 Siege of Phlius by Agesilaus.
380 Isocrates publishes his Пагчуириса!.
379 The Cadmeia recovered by the Theban
exiles.
378 Death of Lysias and Archonship of
Nausinicus. New valuation at Athens for taxation.
376 Chabrias gains the battle of Naxos.
Phocion, then a young man, present at it.
375 Demosthenes an orphan at seven years of
age. Some assign BC. 382, others BC 377 for the date.
374 Plataeae destroyed by the Thebans, the
inhabitants taking refuge at Athens. Timotheus restores some Zacynthiau
exiles . Isocraties:
373 Timotheus superseded in hie appointment
for Corcyra by Iphicrates. Trial of Timotheus.
371 Congress at Sparta excluding Thebes.
Battle of Leuctra. Foundation of Megalopolis.
369 First invasion of Laconia by Thebans.
Restoration of the Messenians. Alliance of Athens with Lacedaemon.
368 Second invasion of Laconia by the
Thebans. Attempt of the king of Persia to negotiate peace.
367 Archidamus III gains the ' Tearless
Battle.' Pelopidas goes on an embassy to Persia. Aristotle visits Athens
at seventeen years of age.
366 Epaminondas enters Achala. Oropus lost by
the Athenians. Alliance between Athens and Arcadia. Corinth and Phlius
make a separate peace with Thebes. Demosthenes of age, and commences
proceedings against his guardians.
364 Battle at Olympia between the Arcadians
and Eleans during the games. Timotheus conquers Potidaea. Speech of
Demosthenes against Aphobus.
362 Fourth expedition of Epaminondas into
Peloponnesus. Battle of Mantineia, and his death. Artaxerxes Ochus
succeeds to the
Persian throne. Revolt of some of his Satraps.
361 General peace, but excluding the
Lacedaemonians. Recognition of the independence of Messene.. Banishment of
Callistratus the orator.
360 Failure of Timotheus in his attempt on
Amphipolis then held by the Olynthians. Theopompus commences his
history from this year. Embassy of Athenians to Thrace.
359 Accession of Philip. Cotys king of Thrace
assassinated, and Thrace divided amongst three kings. Assassination of
Alexander of Pherae.
358 Amphipolis taken by Philip. Expedition of
the Athenians to Euboea against the Thebans. Cersobletes gives up the
Chersonese to the Athenians except Cardia.
357 Commencement of the Social War. Death of
Chabrias. The Phocians seize Delphi and its treasures. Philip conquers
Pydna and Potidaea.
356 Birth of Alexander. Isocratis vtpl
Elpi'iviis. Alliance of Philip with Olynthus.
355 Athens makes peace with her allies.
Demosthenes is twenty-seven years of age.
His speeches against Androtion and against Leptines.
354 Speech Trial and condemnation of
Timotheus.
353 Philip seizes Pagasae, and besieges
Methone, p. 26. The speech for the Megalopoíitans late in this year or
early in the next. The speech against Timocrates.
352 Lycophron of Pherae calls in Onomarchus.
Philip's attempt to pass Thermopylae foiled by the Athenians. The speech
against Aristocrates. Philip besieges 'Hpcitov теГ^оу in Thrace,
and falls sick.
351 The First Philippic and the speech for
the Rhodians
350 The speech irpbs Boiwrbr vfpl
roí ovíparos, and the irapaypa<p¡Kos inrtp
QopfjLÍuvos.
349 Battle of Tamynae in Euboea. Demosthenes
thirty-two years of age and Choragus. (Mr. Clinton gives B.c. 350 as the
date for these events.) The Olyuthiac Orations.
348 Capture of Olynthus by Philip. Probable
date of the speech against Meidias.
347 Philip celebrates the Olympia at Dium.
Death of Plato. First embassy to Philip for peace on the motion of
Philocrates (November). The speeches *pbt Bourrby trrtp irpoucis, and rpbs
Патш- vtTov TrapaypaipLKÍS.
346 Return of the first embassy (March), and
acceptance of peace by Athens. Philip prosecutes his conquests in Thrace
till the second embassy receives his ratification. Philip then
crushes the Phocians, concludes the Sacred War, is made one of the
Amphictyons, and celebrates as president the Pythian game?. The speeches
... and .... Isocratis
345 Aeschinis ката Tiapxou. Philip intrigues
in the Peloponnesus, and supports the Messenians against Sparta.
344 Demosthenes as Ambassador of Athens warns
the Messenians and Argives of Philip's intentions. Thessalv divided and
regulated by Philip after a victorious campaign in Thrace. The Second
Philippic. Amendments proposed in the Peace.
343 Philip fails in his attempts on Ambracia
and Leucas, through the intervention of Athens. Demosthenes goes as an
Ambassador to Acarnania. Philip supports the Cardians against Diopeithes.
The speech on Halonncsus. The speeches irtpl napairpeffßdas.
342 Macedonian troops occupy Oreus in Euboea.
Philip in Thrace for eleven months, and threatens the Propontis and the
Hellespont. Aristotle visits the court of Philp. The speech on the
Chersonese, also that кат' 'Ob-vfi-iuoSapov. (Clinton dates the ' Do
Chersoneso ' in B.c. 341.)
341 Expedition of Athens to Euboea on the
motion of Demosthenes. The tyrants of Oreus and Eretria expelled
from the island. Demosthenes has a public
vote of thanks for his services. Persuades the Byzantines to join in
alliance with Athens. The Third
Philippic.
340 Philip besieges
Perinthus. Declares war against Athens, and publishes his letter or
manifesto. Obliged to raise the siege of Perinthus. Attacks Byzantium,
which is succoured by the Athenians under Phocion. Philip thereby
compelled to withdraw and make peace with the Byzantines. A second vote of
thanks to Demosthenes, who reforms the
Athenian navy. The Fourth Philippic.
339 Philip invades
the Scythians of Bulgaria, and is defeated on his return by the Thracian
Triballi. Aeschines goes as the Pylagoras or representative of Athens, to
the Amphictyonic meeting, and instigates the Amphictyons against Amphissa.
Philip appointed their commander-in-chief. Seizes upon Elateia.
Demosthenes proposes and negotiates an
alliance with Thebes.
338
Demosthenes honored with a third vote of
thanks (March). Battle of Chaeroneia. Death of Isócrates, " the old man
eloquent." Demosthenes delivers the Funeral
Oration over those slain at Chaeroneia. The speeches against Aristogeiton.
337 Ctesiphon
proposes the public presentation of a crown to Demosthenes. Philip marches
into the Peloponnesus, and convenes a congress of States at Corinth.
Appointed chief of the Greeks against Persia. Aeschines commences
proceedings against Ctesiphon.
336 Assassination of
Philip, and accession of Alexander. Deinarchus began to compose Orations.
335 Alexander invades
Thrace, and attacks the Triballi. Revolt and destruction of Thebes. Demand
of Athenian Orators by Alexander.
334 Alexander crosses
the Hellespont, and is victorious at the Granicus.
333 Battle of Issus.
The speech ката eeoxplvov Mti{u.
332 Siege of Tyre.
The speech irpiis Фор^шса inrtp Samíiiv.
331 Battle of Arbela.
Defeat of Agis by Antipater.
330 Death of Darius.
The speech ' De Corona.'
329 The speech ката
AtovvyoSiipov ßaßijs
328 Alexander
advances to the Oxus and into Sogdiana.
327 The ... exhibited
in the camp of Alexander on Hydaspes.
326 Alexander reaches
the month of the Indus.
325 Harpalus flies to
Athens.
324 Demosthenes is
condemned in the matter of Harpalus, and retires into exile.
323 Death of
Alexander, and the Lamían war. Return of Demosthenes. Hypreidis
322 Battle of Cranon.
Death of Demosthenes. His nephew Demochares already engaged in
public affairs. Antipater disfranchises 12,000
of the poorer citizens of Athens and settles them in Thrace. Death of
Aristotle.
317 Death of
Phocion.
314 Death of Aeschines
280 Honors paid to Demosthenes.
As a youth in ancient Athens, Demosthenes had a severe speech
impediment, and people jeered at his stuttering when he addressed his first
large public assembly.
Demosthenes, the son of a prosperous sword maker, was orphaned when he was
only 8. His guardians so pilfered his estate that little was left when
Demosthenes came of age. Seeking justice, he successfully pleaded his own
case and won damages. To improve his elocution, he talked with
pebbles in his mouth and recited verses while running along the seashore over
the roar of the waves.
Demosthenes' diligent work was successful and at the age of 25 he
had entered public life. He had won popularity and power when King Philip of
Macedon was beginning the conquest of Greece. Realizing the peril, Demosthenes
made eloquent appeals for his countrymen to unite and preserve their freedom.
These powerful orations against Philip were known as philippics, a term still in
use to describe any impassioned denunciation or tirade.
The Athenians were too late in heeding Demosthenes ' warnings and
he was falsely accused of taking a bribe. He was fined and imprisoned but
escaped. When his final effort to obtain freedom for Greece failed, he
swallowed poison from his pen and died.
Demosthenes' greatest oration is entitled `On the Crown'. He delivered it
in 330 BC. It was a review and justification of his public life and a
condemnation of his bitter rival, Aeschines, who was forced into exile.
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1]
If the decree, men of the senate, ordered that the crown should be given to the
man having the largest number of advocates, it would have been senseless for me
to claim it, for Cephisodotus
alone has spoken on my behalf, while a host of pleaders has spoken for my
opponents. But the fact is, the people appointed that the treasurer should give
the crown to the one who first got his trireme
ready for sea; and this I have done; so I declare that it is I who should be
crowned.
[2]
Also I am surprised that my opponents neglected their ships, but took
care to get their orators ready; and they seem to me to be mistaken in regard to
the whole affair, and to imagine that you are grateful, not to those who do
their duty, but to those who say they do it; and they have formed a totally
different estimate regarding you from that which I hold. For this very reason it
is right that you should feel more kindly disposed toward me; for it is plain
that I entertain a higher opinion of you than they do.
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Rhetorical
Figures
... claim to be professional teachers of rhetoric actually say, Socrates. ...
Lysias, Against
Eratosthenes 21. *Demosthenes, On the Crown 48. Anastrophe: transposition ...
The Internet
Classics Archive | Demosthenes by Plutarch
... though at that time the accusers of Demosthenes were in the height of power,
and ... the
rest of his life in teaching rhetoric about the island of Rhodes, and upon ...
Greek Prose Style:
Greek 701 at CUNY
... home page for Greek 701, Greek Rhetoric and Prose Style, a course in ...
centuries BCE,
ranging from Hekataios to Demosthenes. Assignments are fairly brief (about ...
Demosthenes
- Britannica.com
... orator. He also studied legal rhetoric. In his Parallel Lives Plutarch, the
Greek
historian and biographer, relates that Demosthenes built an underground study
...
Rhetoric Notes:
Issues
... Bibliomania; George Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric; Christian Classics
Ethereal
Network Contains ... Gorgias and his Phaedrus, Demosthenes' On the Crown;
Various ...
Plurabelle Books -
Rhetoric
... John Bender; David Wellbery: The Ends of Rhetoric. History, Theory,
Practice. Stanford
UP 1990. xiv ... Demosthenes: The Oration of Demosthenes against Meidias. Ed ...
Classical
Rhetoric
... subject, Aristotle (384-322 BC) defined rhetoric as the art of identifying
(and ... the
speeches of his exact contemporary Demosthenes (384-322 BC) and especially ...
Rhetoric for Rookies
... Analysis Technical vocabulary: grammar, rhetoric, logic Parsing Literature
Notebooks;
Genesis Imitation ... lives, such as that comparing Demosthenes and Cicero. ...
Perseus
Encyclopedia - Who was Demosthenes?
... more in their own terms. And because of the relatively low standing of
rhetoric
in our time, Demosthenes is less read than formerly. But he still represents ...
Rhetoric
| Classic
... to live the life proper to man. Rhetoric , Poetics and others. ... Nathaniel
Cordova.
Cicero Homepage. The Comparison of Demosthenes and Cicero (Trans. John Dryden).
...
Academics,
Classical Languages - Albright College
... III Advanced Greek prose; selections from Herodotus and Thucydides
(history),
Plato and Aristotle (philosophy), and Isocrates and Demosthenes (rhetoric). ...
Perseus
Encyclopedia demosthenes
... more in their own terms. And because of the relatively low standing of
rhetoric
in our time, Demosthenes is less read than formerly. But he still represents ...
Classical
Rhetoric Syllabus
... by Lysias, Isocrates, Demosthenes, Aeschines, Hyperides, and the Letter of
Philip
II of Macedon. Plato: Gorgias. This is Plato's attack on the way rhetoric was
...
Rhetoric
bibliography, FSEM019, Fall 1996
... A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric. Ed. James J. Murphy. Davis, CA:
Hermagoras
P, 1983. 77-89. Murphy, James J., ed. Demosthenes' On the Crown: A ...
Reading Classics
Gateway: Rhetoric & Law
... Arpinas: Maggia 1996 (italiano). Classical Medieval and Renaissance
Rhetoric;
Demosthenes, information collected by Marieke Roelofs (under construction ...
Demosthenes
and Cicero Compared by Plutarch
... in speaking, yet thus much seems fit to be said; that Demosthenes, to make
himself
a master in rhetoric, applied all the faculties he had, natural or acquired ...
Cleopatra,
the Last Pharaoh
... a child, she was educated in Hellenic culture Homer's epic poems,
Demosthenes rhetoric,
lyre-playing and horsemanship. But Cleopatra was also the first Ptolemy ...
DEMOSTHENES
... the 'death of Greek political liberty' Some people dismiss Demosthenes'
outbursts
as political rhetoric, others hold his political abuse of Philip from Macedon ..
THE COMPARISON OF
DEMOSTHENES AND CICERO
... faculties in speaking, yet thus much seems fit to be said; that Demosthenes,
to make
himself a master in rhetoric, applied all the faculties he had, natural or ...
Methods
and Perspectives, 10: Rhetoric
... presentation (contrast modern usage: 'strong on rhetoric, short on
substance' etc). ... speeches
by the great orators: Demosthenes, Cicero etc become school texts ...
Rhetoric
and Public Speaking
... on rhetoric and political philosophy, as well as panegyric speeches
(somewhat in
the manner of Isocrates, probably), and a biopgraphy of Demosthenes; and he ...
Canon
or Rhetoric
... the other canons will not matter. Demosthenes contended that this was the
most ... of
these canons and basically felt that rhetoric was merely style, memory and ...
Forgotten Founders Historic Documents and Coins of Freedom - By Stanley
L. Klos - Last Exhbit at the 2008 GOP Convention:
http://www.pinellasrepublican.org/
Forgotten Founders Historic Documents and Coins of Freedom - By Stanley
L. Klos
Entombment of President Samuel Huntington
and First Lady Martha
1st President of the United States
in Congress Assembled
The United Colonies 1st
government began in a Philadelphia Tavern
and the United States 1st federal government ended in a
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The Founders convened the government in 11 different capitol buildings and
experienced 15 years of challenges that
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